9 Men’s Morris: The Ancient Board Game That Still Thrives Today

Introduction

Imagine playing a game that dates back over 3,000 years yet still captivates players today. That’s the magic of 9 Men’s Morris, a timeless strategy board game that has been enjoyed across cultures, from ancient Rome to medieval Europe and even in ancient India.

But what makes this game so special? How did it survive through centuries? And why should you consider playing it now? In this post, we’ll explore the rich history of 9 Men’s Morris, how to play, strategies for winning, and why it remains one of the most intriguing strategy games ever.

What is 9 Men’s Morris?

9 Men’s Morris is a two-player strategy board game where each player has nine pieces (or “men”). The goal is to form “mills” (three pieces in a row) and remove the opponent's pieces until they have fewer than three remaining or can no longer make a valid move.

The game is simple to learn but offers deep strategic play, making it a favorite among board game enthusiasts.

A Brief History of 9 Men’s Morris

Ancient Origins: From Egypt to India

Archaeologists have discovered 9 Men’s Morris boards carved into Egyptian temples, proving its existence over 3,000 years ago. The game was also popular in ancient Rome, where it was played on stone slabs.

But did you know that India also had its own version of 9 Men’s Morris?

In India, this game was known as "Navakankari" (Sanskrit: नवकण्करी), meaning "nine pebbles" or "nine stones." It was played as early as the 4th century BCE, appearing in historical records from the Maurya and Gupta periods. Navakankari was a favorite pastime among Indian scholars, warriors, and even royalty, helping players develop strategic thinking and tactical skills.

Medieval Popularity

During the Middle Ages, 9 Men’s Morris spread across Europe. It became a favorite pastime of knights and was often played on wooden boards or even carved into cathedral floors. Many historic sites in England, France, and Germany still feature 9 Men’s Morris boards carved into stone.

Meanwhile, in medieval India, Navakankari continued to be played in temples, royal courts, and villages. The game was believed to enhance cognitive abilities and was even considered a game of dharma (duty and wisdom).

Modern-Day Revival

While the game lost some popularity in recent centuries, it has made a comeback with the rise of board game enthusiasts and digital adaptations. Today, you can find 9 Men’s Morris on mobile apps, online platforms, and traditional wooden game boards.

How to Play 9 Men’s Morris

Game Setup

The board consists of three concentric squares connected by lines.
Each player has nine pieces, which they place strategically to form mills.

Phases of the Game

1. Placing Phase

Players take turns placing their pieces on any open point on the board.
The objective is to set up mills (three pieces in a row) while blocking the opponent’s mills.

2. Moving Phase

Once all pieces are placed, players take turns moving one piece to an adjacent open spot.
Forming a mill allows a player to remove one of the opponent’s pieces, ideally their most strategic piece.

3. Flying Phase (Final Stage)

When a player is reduced to three pieces, they gain the ability to “fly” (move their pieces anywhere on the board).
The game ends when a player is reduced to two pieces or cannot make a legal move.

Why is 9 Men’s Morris Still Popular?

Despite its ancient origins, 9 Men’s Morris remains widely played today. Here’s why:

✅ Easy to Learn, Hard to Master

The rules are simple, but mastering the game requires deep strategic thinking, making it enjoyable for both beginners and experts.

🎯 Perfect Balance of Strategy & Luck

Unlike games based on pure luck, 9 Men’s Morris rewards careful planning, pattern recognition, and adaptability.

📱 Available Online & Offline

With free mobile apps and online versions, anyone can play against AI or real opponents anytime, anywhere.

⏳ A Game That Stands the Test of Time

The fact that this game has been enjoyed for over 3,000 years proves its staying power and timeless appeal.

Winning Strategies for 9 Men’s Morris

Want to improve your skills? Here are five powerful strategies to help you win more games.

1️⃣ Control the Center

Occupying the center spots gives you more mobility and control over the board, allowing for better mill formations.

2️⃣ Set Up Double Mills

A double mill is a setup where a single piece can complete two different mills with one move, allowing you to remove multiple opponent pieces.

3️⃣ Block Your Opponent Early

During the placement phase, focus on limiting your opponent’s movement options by occupying key positions.

4️⃣ Sacrifice Smartly

Sometimes, losing a piece early can be a smart strategy if it helps you position for future mills.

5️⃣ Master the Flying Phase

If you’re reduced to three pieces, use your flying ability wisely to stay unpredictable and set up surprise mills.

Frequently Asked Questions About 9 Men’s Morris

Is 9 Men’s Morris the Same as Tic-Tac-Toe?

No. While both games involve forming lines, 9 Men’s Morris is much more strategic and includes multiple phases of play.

How Long Does a Typical Game Last?

On average, a game of 9 Men’s Morris lasts 10-20 minutes, depending on the players’ skill levels.

Can You Play 9 Men’s Morris Online?

Yes! Many websites and mobile apps offer free versions with AI opponents or multiplayer modes.

What’s the Best Way to Practice?

The best way to improve is to play frequently, analyze your moves, and study winning strategies.

Is 9 Men’s Morris Good for Brain Training?

Absolutely! The game helps develop critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and strategic planning.

Conclusion

9 Men’s Morris is more than just an ancient board game—it’s a timeless battle of wits and strategy. Whether you’re a history lover, strategy game enthusiast, or just looking for a fun way to challenge yourself, this game has something for everyone.

Why not give it a try today? Whether you play online or on a physical board, 9 Men’s Morris is a game worth mastering.